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 The rosewood
tree, Tipu, or "Pride of Bolivia",Tipuana
tipu (Fabaceae), is native to South America (South Brazil,
Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia) and is widely grown as a landscape
ornamental and shade tree in southern California and elsewhere in the world
(e.g., Egypt, Portugal, and Israel.).
Tipu trees are popular because they are drought and frost tolerant,
are thornless, are moderately tall at maturity (~10m), and have attractive
pinnate green leaves, and clusters of bright yellow flowers. Seeds are winged and look strikingly
similar to those produced by maples.
In October 2008, the Tipu psyllid, a new pest record for California,
was found feeding on this urban plant in San Diego County.
Tipu
psyllid nymphs and adults nymphs are tiny insects that feed on phloem. All life stages (except eggs which are
non-feeding) attack young leaves and branches of Tipu trees. Extensive feeding causes the leaves on
host plants to curl and drop prematurely.
Nymphs produce pelletized wax-like residue. Adults and nymphs produce copious amounts of honeydew which
fosters the growth of black sooty mold on leaves and branches. The wax pellets produces by nymphs are
very similar to those seen in the Eugenia psyllid, an exotic pest from
Australia that attacks Eugenia and Syzigium in California. Tipu psyllids feed exposed, without the
protection of flocculent waxes or pit like depressions in leaves.
According to Dr. Mark Hoddle this
pest was first detected in October 2008 in Carlsbad in San Diego County in
California. Interestingly, this
insect has recently emerged as a serious pest of Tipu trees in Curibita
Brazil. Pest populations in Curibtia
are very high, trees are being defoliated, excessive honey dew excretion is
fouling concrete sidewalks and vehicles parked under Tipu trees. Tipu psyllid populations in several
southern California communities have produced similar fouling of objects and
sidewalks beneath infested trees. In
Curitiba, high density pest populations are attacked by lady bug beetles (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) which provide some control of outbreaks. In the absence of natural enemies (e.g.,
predators, parasites, or pathogens) or insecticidal controls, the
establishment of Tipu psyllid in California poses a significant threat to the
health and value of Tipu tree plantings in California landscapes.
REFERENCES:
Dreistadt, S. H., J. K. Clark &
M. L. Flint. 2004. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs: An Integrated Pest Management Guide. Oakland: University of California Agric.
Nat. Res. Publ. 3359.
Grafton-Cardwell, E. E. & M. P.
Daugherty. 2013. Asian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing
Disease. University of California
Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 8205. Oakland.
Percy, D. M., A. Rung, & M. S.
Hoddle. 2012. An annotated checklist of the psyllids of
California (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Zootaxa 31
93: 1–27.
Rung,
Alessandra. 2009. Platycorypha
nigrivirga Burckhardt (Hemiptera:
Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea), tipu psyllid, new to North America. Center For Systematic Entomology.org. March
18, 2019.
Rung,
Alessandra; Arakelian, Gevork; Gill, Ray & Nisson, Nick. 2009.
Platycorypha nigrivirga
Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea), tipu psyllid, new to
North America. Insecta
Mundi. 97: 1–5.
Rust, M. K. & D. -H.
Choe. 2012. Pest Notes: Ants.
Oakland: Universotu of
California Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 7411.
Santana, D. I. Q., D.
Burckhardt & A. M. F. Aguiar. 2006. First record of Platycorypha nigrivirga (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), in Tipuana tipu (Benth.), from Brazil. Neotrop. Entomol. 35 (6): 861-863.
Tipu psyllid,
2019. Platycorypha
nigrivirga.
University of California, Riverside Center for Invasive Species
Research. March 2019.
FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES:
Chiappini,
E., S. V. Trjapitzin & A. Donev.
1996. Key to the Holarctic
species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera:
Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palaearctic (other than
European) species and descriptions of new taxa. Journal of Natural History 30:
551-595.
Triapitzin,
S. V. 1995a. The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoid
of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in
California. Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71
(4): 250-251.
Triapitzin,
S. V. 1995b. A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Russian Entomological Journal 4 (1-4):
105-108.
Triapitzin, S.
V. 1997. The genus Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a
review. Ceiba (Zamorano,
Honduras) 38 (1): 1-12.
Triapitzin,
S. V. 1998. Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura
spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American
vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2): 77-112.
Triapitzin,
S. V. & D. Strong. 1995. A new Anagrus
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera:
Delphacidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4): 199-203.
Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell III,
J. L. Bossart & C. E. Carlton.
1998. Egg
parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata
(Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomologist
81 (2): 241-243.
Walker,
G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun & S. V. Triapitzin. 1997.
Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for
biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer
tenellus. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4): 236-242.
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